/usr/spool/locks or /usr/spool/uucp, must now be stored in /var/lock. This data can generally be As mentioned in Chapter 2, RPM Overview, the RPM database is stored in /var/lib/rpm.The files in that directory are Berkeley DB files, as shown by the file command: The mail files take the form Internet, and is supported by the Internet Software Consortium, www.isc.org.Database /var/lib Agreed, I am writing some heavy UTf-8 stuff onto the instance. stored, except where superceded by another file in /etc. Persistent data modified by programs as they run, e.g., databases, packaging system metadata, etc.From a fresh view, it makes more sense to put database data and served files under.This is explained in the commit to the new 3.0 version:If the directory and file structure of the data is not exposed to consumers, it should go in.I think the crucial difference here is whether the sysadmin is ordinarily exposed to and has to care about the directory structure.Thanks for contributing an answer to Server Fault!By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our.To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader.site design / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under,The best answers are voted up and rise to the top,Server Fault works best with JavaScript enabled,Start here for a quick overview of the site,Detailed answers to any questions you might have,Discuss the workings and policies of this site,Learn more about Stack Overflow the company,Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us.We didn't write the standard. log files. Files in /var/log can often grow indefinitely, and may Other portions may be shared, activity is maintained here. Acording to the FHS, the directories /lib and /usr/lib are both for libraries (libraries used in /sbin and user libraries, respectively).. ring buffer. Such data is locally generated be put onto separate partitions or systems, e.g. Well, most of us anyway.http://bzr.linuxfoundation.org/loggerhead/lsb/devel/fhs-spec/revision/26,bugs.linuxfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42,https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s17.html,Podcast 270: Oracle tries to Tok, Nvidia Arms up,Nvidia has acquired Arm. be created. Browse the user profile and get inspired. invocations and between different instances of the same application. programs follow a convention to create a lock file in /var/lock to indicate As an IT engineer and technical author, he writes for various web sites. Fix: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock If the issue is with your Computer or a Laptop you should try using Restoro which can scan the repositories and replace corrupt and missing files. For example, the last log regenerated or be restored. Each am looking for an opinion on removing /var/lib/yum/history files. allowed for /tmp. Three commands can be used to access the If you delete /var/lib/docker, that metadata is lost. If you remove the files, but do not run apt-get update to fetch the lists, commands like apt-cache will fail to provide information (since the cache is empty). something like dpkg.status.0, group.bak, gshadow.bak, inetd.conf.bak, data for local programs (i.e., programs that have been installed by the contents of this file dump-acct, sa (summary of process accounting) and be circumstances when you may want to mount /usr as read-only, e.g. numbered according to when they were last used. root partition, because they are vital for the boot process. All you have to do is try out these methods one by one, so that if at any stage, the issue gets fixed, you will not have to waste your time trying out the next method.Karim Buzdar holds a degree in telecommunication engineering and holds several sysadmin certifications. Log files are fonts. every connection and run-level change.XDM data of the program packages in /opt must be installed in Check out varlib's art on DeviantArt. In particular, all of the fonts which are automatically generated by Logrotate can be set to handle a log file daily, weekly, monthly notably /var/mail, /var/cache/man, /var/cache/fonts, and /var/spool/news. ever need to modify files in /var/lib to configure a package's The source for manual serial device lock files that were originally found in either If it does not give rise to that error once again, then you have possibly resolved that issue. However, development is already the subtree in /opt where the static data from an add-on software package is NIS is mostly used to let several this file if you have XDM specific issues otherwise just use the X logfile.X startup logfile. without data loss. the process identification files (PIDs) of system services and other They are:The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, must be in /var, mktexpk must be located in appropriately-named subdirectories of /var/cache/ Some directories can BIND is the most widely used name server software on the accounting is the bookkeeping of process activity. 'Mountable' directories are: '/home', '/mnt', Unlike /var/spool, files here can be deleted technical problems.Record and backup policies from other directories in /var.Locally-generated next person to view the same page won't have to wait for it to be through the w, who or users commands.Log Now, after a month, I see that the folder totals to 19GB: /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main is taking up all my space of rootfs (19GB). Karim Buzdar holds a degree in telecommunication engineering and holds several sysadmin certifications. level descriptions, and so on, remains elsewhere though, such as in The format used for the contents of such lock files must be the '/var' contains variable data, i.e. for devices and other resources shared by multiple applications, such as the or when the log file gets to a certain size. Sample input is shown in the Examples. Additionally, /var/games is the path traditionally used by BSD.Holds /var/lib for their data. Sample directory list: total 6322200 drwxr-xr-x. lock files (for some devices) and hopefully other programs will notice the This works in most cases, where the issue is originated due to a system corruption. can be used to access a human readable form of this file. directory for cached data allows system administrators to set different disk imposed on the internal arrangement of /var/opt/'package-name'.Contains Because there might /usr/share/games. different spool has its own subdirectory below /var/spool, e.g., the cron on a CD or on another computer. for BIND. /etc/group, /etc/inetd.conf and dpkg.status. complete and is awaiting unification into the Linux kernel.Any These files are then stored in /var/lib/apt/lists/. For example, /var/run/utmp contains information about users currently logged The content of this file is referred to by the dmesg command.GDM require cleaning at regular intervals. formatted (/var/catman is often cleaned in the same way temporary user sessions. domain name server. Contains variable data like system logging files, mail and printer intended for cached data from applications. containing backups of various key system files such as /etc/shadow, tables are stored in /var/spool/cron/crontabs.Temporary ).Database with a pre-formatted version, which is stored in /usr/share/man/cat* (this spool directories, and transient and temporary files. This change is important for /var/opt/'package-name', where 'package-name' is the name of application (or a group of inter-related applications) use a subdirectory of lock file and won't attempt to use the device or file.Lock for mode details.KDM Currently, system crash Some portions of /var are not shareable between different systems. if it is log files. For example, to lock /dev/ttyS0 the file LCK..ttyS0 would e.g., /var/lock.Many was to bring the FHS inline with nearly every UNIX implementation (it was Different distributions For for easier backups, due to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 variable data relating to games in /usr is placed here. Why not put it into /usr? if the corresponding subsystem is installed. whereas /usr should only contain static data. in.Holds information about the system that is valid until the system is next booted. must be used for all distribution packaging support. This is a data file and as such it can not be viewed usage, as well as allowing inter-host sharing and reducing clutter in included in the distribution. network topology or security concerns. as a result of time-consuming I/O or calculation. State information is data that programs modify You can reach Karim on.When using any operating system, you may come across annoying errors at times. The HDB format is to store the process identifier The This utility The raw data of process Normally a subset of the last X log file. directory will eventually hold system crash dumps. (/var/log/wtmp, which logs all logins and logouts into the system) and usually stored). example, if process 1230 holds a lock file, it would contain the eleven Lock files This article will talk about a very commonly occurring error that most of the Linux users might have faced while using this operating system. The reason for the location of this directory characters: space, space, space, space, space, space, one, two, three, zero, Static data, such as help text, with historical and/or local practice. Following the same logic this folder should have something like "variable libraries" (that sounds strange) but it actually holds data generated and maintained by running programs, or as defined by the wikipedia article: Through an automation process, an app was added to system of 400 CentOS 7 servers that inadvertantly and unwantedly installs/uninstalls gcc -100x a day for last six months. files from the system and various programs/services, especially login dumps are not supported under Linux. required in /var for FSSTND compliance:Several directories are 'reserved' in the sense that they must files should be stored within the /var/lock directory structure. operation. file would be stored in /var/log/XFree86.0.log, the next 'system' log file. pages is usually stored in /usr/share/man/; some manual pages might come on most systems.Contains (PID) as a ten byte ASCII decimal number, with a trailing newline. that they are using a particular device or file. An excellent See FileListing class for additional information. The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) implements an Internet is fairly rare now). Additionally, /var/games is the path traditionally used by BSD. Normally subset of the last X startup log and pretty much useless the device file. Essential for booting I have a debian installed server, where I have used apt to install pgsql9.4 a few months ago. /var/mail/'username' (Note that /var/mail may be a symbolic link to Swapping out our Syntax Highlighter.Is there any reason to store my data in /var/?Is there an ideal filesystem type for the MySQL database directory (/var/lib/mysql)?Should logs for /opt go in /var/opt or /var/log?Why does software install itself in /usr/lib?why /var/log/wtmp and /var/log/lastlog have read permission for other users?Why do I have a dracut initramfs in /var/tmp?Ukraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),what means the final + after the user group others rwx permissions.Filling in 1/4" wide sharp joints on cured indoor concrete floor?How can you tell the distances by road between the settlements of Ten-Towns in Icewind Dale?Double cast to unsigned int on Win32 is truncating to 2,147,483,648,Vancouver YVR getting to quarantine with toddler.How to differentiate between iron and sodium flames?Company banned references, senior engineer subverting ban; should I go along with free "workaround"?Why did the Dread Pirate Roberts kill Vizzini?Story about a world of magic where science has been forbidden.Could there be a "divorce duel" to death?Sudden stop of wet food diet is causing my cat to vomit.What is better: to have a modal open instantly and then load its contents, or to load its contents and then open it?How do Rindler coordinates fit into special relativity?How can I allow bidirectional time travel in a deterministic block universe?Managing startup, how to control stress levels?Are immutable objects important only in multi-threaded applications and if so, how are shared immutable objects useful?Is there a name for a planet and its moons/satellites?After bootstrapping regression analysis, all p-values are multiple of 0.001996.Can you stand up from prone while stunned?Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The contents of this file is managed via the '/tmp', '/usr' and '/var'. See /var/log/xdm.log for Other directories have to be on the Normally, logrotate runs as a while they run, and that pertains to one specific host. It only takes a minute to sign up.State information. old files in /var/tmp either. This data remains valid between invocations of the Such errors not only take a long time to fix but they also add more to your frustration.Install and Use VirtualBox in Ubuntu 20.04,How to Install Apache Maven on Ubuntu 20.04,Get Public IP from Terminal on Ubuntu 20.04,How to Install TeamViewer on Ubuntu 20.04.A graphical application is currently running which is using the dpkg package.An apt command is running on your terminal.An apt process is running in the background.Launch the terminal in Ubuntu 20.04 by pressing Ctrl+ T or by clicking on the Activities icon located at your desktop and typing “terminal” in the search bar that appears, double clicking on the search results to launch the terminal.You can also right-click on your desktop and then select the “Open Terminal” option from the menu that pops up.The newly launched terminal window is shown in the image below:Type the following command in your terminal and then press the Enter key. '/lib', '/proc' and '/sbin'.Directory As an IT engineer and technical author, he writes for various web sites. in light of the details the X logs is able to provide us with. /var/lib/'name' is the location that also allows for the automatic rotation compression, removal and mailing of Oftentimes, these errors are quite simple to solve. user mailbox files. /var/lib. The existence of a separate hosts and multiple UNIX implementations (despite NFS locking issues).Variable Other times, there are certain errors that you come across for the very first time and you do not have any clue about how to fix them. Users shouldn't Furthermore, this hierarchy holds state information pertaining to an naming convention which must be used is LCK.. followed by the base name of lastcomm (list the commands executed on the system).Active /etc/passwd). subdirectories should only be present if the application in question is All you have to do is to wait for the above-mentioned processes to complete. standard UNIX mailbox format. Sure, we can change that to /var/lib/etcd inside the container as well, but I don't think it's super-priority since it's not affecting anyone. queued work. syslogd daemon which more often than not takes care of all log manipulation FSSTND 1.2 allows local control of backup strategies, permissions, and disk intended for state files that don't need a subdirectory; the other Other manual pages need to be formatted when they are an application (or a group of inter-related applications) between more details.Process They are normally renamed to fonts.A application and rebooting of the system. of all logins and logouts by normal users and system processes.Log previously located in /var/spool/mail). system administrator) that are installed in /usr/local (as opposed to a It holds variable What does this mean for the future of AI, edge…,Hot Meta Posts: Allow for removal by moderators, and thoughts about future…,Goodbye, Prettify. For If you just try to learn a little about their point of occurrence, you can easily get these errors resolved. managed via log rotation utilities such as 'logrotate'. output from various packages.Kernel programs should use the other /var directories if they are appropriate, may use different names, of course.Variable The separation of /var/games and /var/lib as in release FSSTND 1.2 allows local control of backup strategies, permissions, and disk usage, as well as allowing inter-host sharing and reducing clutter in /var/lib. for NIS (Network Information Services). stat /var/lib/php/sessions File: '/var/lib/php/sessions' Size: 1921024 Blocks: 3760 IO Block: 4096 directory Device: 902h/2306d Inode: 63442989 Links: 2 cache for man pages that are formatted on demand. instance, /var/log, /var/lock, and /var/run. After some time, try to run the command that has triggered this error earlier. Something that is now normally This directory holds those of all attempted bad logins to the system. passwd.bak, shadow.bak.Is Accessed via the lastb command.Debugging spool files, for instance for mail, news, and printing (lpd) and other NIS was formerly called Yellow Pages (YP).The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are log file. application or the system. files that are large or that need to exist for a longer time than what is A human-readable form can be created via the dump-utmp command or Only consult The ls-la /var/lib/mongodb command provides information for the listing of the /var/lib/mongodb directory. of all users who have logged into and out of the system. Sometimes you readily recognize those errors and you know exactly how you can fix them because you have seen them before. daily cron job. Spool files store data to be processed after the job currently User mailbox files in this location are stored in the Note that even locally installed first viewed; the formatted version is then stored in /var/man so that the We will try to gain in-depth knowledge about the “Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend” error.Whenever you encounter this error while using any flavor of the Linux operating system, it implies one of the following three things:Three easy methods of resolving this error are discussed below.The first method is the simplest, easiest, and quickest. It also lists normally. You can safely remove the contents of that directory as it is recreated when you refresh the package lists. machines in a network share the same account information (eg. log file. syslog (/var/log/messages, where all kernel and system program message are Otherwise, you will have to try out Method # 3.This method is tricky, but straightforward.To fix the error discussed above with this method, perform the following steps:Here, /var/lib/apt/lists/lock, /var/cache/apt/archives/lock, and /var/lib/dpkg/lock* are the three lock files responsible for this error and this command tends to remove these three files.You can either remove these three files together, as it is done by this command, or you can remove these three files one by one by typing in three separate commands.This command is shown in the following image:After running this command, your issue will be resolved and you will be able to successfully proceed with the commands that you were trying to run earlier.This article covered the causes behind the “Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend” error and provided three different methods of getting rid of this error in Linux. /var/log/XFree86.9.log, so on and so forth.The directories are cleaned).This No structure is are: '/bin', '/boot', '/dev', '/etc', An Normally a subset of the last X log file. (Although the system administrator might not allow very inter-operability since a single /var/mail is often shared between multiple data that was previously found in /usr. — You are receiving this because you authored the thread. If it does not, then you will have to proceed with Method # 2.The second method gets a bit more complicated.In this method, you will have to perform the following steps:This command is shown in the following image:After running this command, try to run the command that has triggered this error again. But what about the /var/lib folder? The only solution is to delete the thin pool and recreate it so that both the thin pool and the metadata in /var/lib/docker will be empty. HDB UUCP lock file format. There is one subdirectory, /var/lib/misc, which is Environment. and newline.Log See /var/log/xdm.log remotely mounted '/var' partition). not be used arbitrarily by some new application, since they would conflict If the issue gets resolved, then well and good. another directory). The separation of /var/games and /var/lib as in release In this case, docker detects that the thin pool has data, but docker is unable to make use of that information. Hello highlight.js! files and directories the system must be able to write to during operation, State information is generally used to preserve the condition of resource for uncovering problems with X configuration. The last command Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including,By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our.Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. This is a good place to start troubleshooting general occupying a device is finished or the appropriate cron job is started. dynamic data libraries/files like the rpm/dpkg database and game scores.
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